In the past four years, airport management and fleet managers of Ground Support Equipment (GSE) face increasing pressure to align with sustainability goals, reduce emissions, and improve operational efficiency. Many airports and ground handling companies have explored full electrification of their GSE fleets, but the high costs, infrastructure challenges, and operational limitations of electric equipment remain significant hurdles. With shifting federal policies including potential tariffs on imported electric components, deregulation, and the removal of electrification grants, many airports are revisiting their electrification plans in the new financial and political landscape.
While under the previous administration, there was an abundance of grant funding and support to embrace electrification, all this funding and support is up in the air under the current administration. While sustainability goals may still be in place, airports may need to look at alternative plans to meet their targets.
For fleet managers revisiting their electrification strategies, a balanced approach that includes retrofitting existing Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) GSE with lithium-ion Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) presents a cost-effective and practical alternative. By leveraging APUs, fleet managers can achieve significant sustainability improvements while avoiding premature decommissioning of valuable ICE GSE assets.
Key Considerations for GSE Electrification in the Era of Deregulation
1. The Cost Barrier of Full Electrification
While the long-term benefits of electric GSE (eGSE) are well-documented, the high upfront costs remain a primary concern for fleet managers. Replacing an entire fleet with electric models involves not only purchasing new vehicles but also investing in the necessary charging infrastructure.
Many airports, particularly those operating on tight budgets, find these capital expenditures prohibitive. Furthermore, recent policy shifts—such as the removal or reduction of federal funding for electrification projects—may further limit financial support, making the transition even more challenging. Fleet managers must assess whether the return on investment (ROI) of full electrification justifies the immediate financial burden.
2. Charging Infrastructure and Power Supply Challenges
One of the biggest challenges associated with full GSE electrification is the need for extensive charging infrastructure. Airports need to install fast-charging stations, upgrade electrical grids, and ensure consistent energy supply to accommodate an entirely electric fleet. In some cases, this requires costly infrastructure development, particularly for airports operating in older facilities with limited electrical capacity.
Additionally, new tariffs on imported lithium-ion batteries and charging equipment could drive up costs for fleet electrification, making APUs a more attractive option. Furthermore, deregulation efforts under the new federal administration could lead to shifts in energy policies that increase electricity costs, affecting the operational feasibility of electric GSE.
3. Operational Downtime and Performance Limitations
Electric GSEs generally perform well under standard airport conditions, but concerns remain regarding battery range, cold-weather performance, and charging downtime.
- Battery Range & Charging Times: Depending on the type of GSE, some electric models may not have sufficient battery life for extended operations without frequent recharging.
- Cold Weather Limitations: Lithium-ion batteries experience reduced efficiency in extreme cold, making them less reliable for essential GSE like de-icing trucks in winter conditions.
- Downtime for Charging: Unlike ICE vehicles that can be refueled quickly, electric GSE must be taken out of service for recharging, potentially disrupting tight operational schedules.
Why Fleet Managers Should Consider Lithium-Ion APUs for ICE GSE
Instead of fully replacing ICE GSE with electric variants, fleet managers can extend the life of existing equipment and reduce emissions by integrating lithium-ion-based Auxiliary Power Units (APUs).
1. Reduced Fuel Consumption and Lower Emissions
APUs help eliminate unnecessary engine idling by providing power to essential systems such as hydraulics, lifts, heating, and pumps without running the main engine. This significantly cuts fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, helping airports move toward their sustainability goals without a complete fleet overhaul.
For instance, a catering truck or lavatory service vehicle can operate its lift and pumping systems using an APU rather than relying on the primary diesel engine, reducing fuel use and maintenance costs.
2. Cost-Effective Sustainability Solution
Unlike full electrification, APU addition requires a fraction of the investment needed for new electric GSE and infrastructure. Fleet managers can retrofit their current ICE equipment with APUs, preserving their existing fleet while still making tangible sustainability improvements.
This modular approach allows airports to phase in electrification over time without straining financial resources. It also provides flexibility—allowing fleet managers to selectively electrify certain equipment while keeping retrofitted ICE GSE operational.
3. Extended Equipment Lifespan
ICE-powered GSE can have a lifespan of 20+ years, and many airports still operate relatively new models that are far from the end of their useful life. Premature decommissioning of these vehicles results in unnecessary capital expenditure and waste, both of which can be avoided with APU integration.
By reducing engine hours and wear-and-tear through APU usage, fleet managers can extend the operational life of their GSE, delaying costly replacements while still meeting sustainability mandates.
4. Faster Implementation with Minimal Disruption
Installing an APU on existing ICE GSE is far simpler and faster than transitioning to a fully electric fleet. Since APUs can be integrated into current vehicles without major infrastructure upgrades, airports can implement sustainability initiatives without disrupting daily operations.
For busy hubs where any downtime can impact airline schedules and passenger experience, the ability to reduce emissions without operational disruption makes APU retrofits an attractive option.
The Best Path Forward: A Hybrid Approach to GSE Electrification
Fleet managers must adopt a pragmatic approach to GSE electrification, balancing sustainability goals with financial and operational realities. A hybrid strategy that combines full electrification where feasible and APU retrofitting for remaining ICE GSE offers the best of both worlds.
By prioritizing APUs for high-idling, auxiliary-powered equipment—such as de-icing trucks, catering trucks, fresh water trucks, and lavatory service vehicles—airports can achieve significant Scope 1 emissions reductions while managing costs and infrastructure limitations. Meanwhile, highly utilized equipment such as baggage tractors and pushback tugs can be targeted for full electrification where the business case is strongest.
Conclusion
As fleet managers revisit their GSE electrification plans, the key takeaway is flexibility. While the push for full electrification is strong, not every piece of GSE needs to be immediately replaced with an electric model.
By considering lithium-ion APUs as an interim solution, airports can significantly cut emissions, extend equipment lifespan, and manage costs more effectively. A phased approach—blending selective electrification with APU retrofits—ensures airports can meet sustainability objectives without unnecessary financial strain or operational disruptions.
For airports looking for a practical, cost-effective way to reduce emissions while maximizing the value of existing assets, APUs provide an intelligent and strategic alternative to premature electrification.